Hungary

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List of policy instruments

  • Integrated Higher Education Graduate Tracking Database

    Diplomás Pályakövető Rendszer

    Description

    Focus area
    Main skills assessment/anticipation initiative
    The Integrated Higher Education Graduate Tracking Database (Diplomás Pályakövető Rendszer, IHGTD) combines information on graduates’ careers with administrative data from the Higher Education Information System, the database of the Hungarian Tax Office, and the PES. The IHGTD provides skills intelligence through matching education and employment data. By looking at types of degree courses that graduates pursued and comparing this with their subsequent employment, a detailed picture of graduates’ entry to, and progression through, the labour market is provided. The database consists of four different research modules, questionnaires conducted yearly based on different population with different data collection methods, and linked with administrative data.
    Link
    Reference/weblink
    https://www.diplomantul.hu/
    Implementation level
    At what level is the initiative implemented?
    National
    Legal base
    Legal base (E.g. Law, regulation, implementing provision, other)
    Act CCIV. Of 2011 on Higher Education
    Starting period
    TIMESPAN: In what year did the initiative commence?
    2012
    Perspective
    PERSPECTIVE: is the initiative based on evidence derived from skill forecasts or foresight activities?
    N/A
    Policy area
    To which POLICY AREAS(s) does the initiative apply?
    Education
    Employment
    Funding
    How it is funded?
    Funded by the EU
    ESF

    Skill mismatch

    Skill mismatch target
    What type(s) of skills MISMATCH does the initiative aim to addresses?
    Overqualification (individuals' qualifications/credentials are above their job's needs)
    Underqualification (individuals' qualifications/credentials are below their job's needs)
    Skill underutilisation (individuals' skills are not well used in their jobs)
    Skills matching focus
    How does  the initiative address skills mismatches?
    Match young graduates' skills to labour market
    Data on career outcomes help perspective high school students in the assessment of their employment outlook.

    Methods

    Methods
    What methods of undertaking skills assessments and / or skills anticipation does the policy instrument utilise?
    Graduate tracing
    The system tracks the career of graduates with four research modules, combined with administrative data.
    Other
    The Integration of Administrative Databases (IAD) is the module of Graduate Career Tracking System (GCTS), in which factual data stored in other administration data systems (National Tax Authority, National Health Insurance Fund, Ministry for Innovation and Technology and Student Loan Center) are linked anonymously to individual-level data stored in the Higher Education Information System (HEIS).
    Use of skills intelligence
    How is labour market information / skills intelligence used within the initiative?
    Informing career-making decisions of students
    Students gain information on employment perspectives in different industries with different diplomas.

    Stakeholders

    Main responsible body
    Main body or organisation with overall responsibility for the initiative.
    National agency
    Educational Authority (Oktatási Hivatal)
    Other involved organisations
    Which other organisations have a role in the initiative?
    National ministry
    Ministry for Innovation and Technology: It provides administrative data on employment.
    National agency
    National Tax Authority, National Health Insurance Fund and Student Loan Center: They provide administrative data on employment.

    Sustainability

    Success factors
    SUCCESS FACTORS in the implementation
    Linking the survey data with administrative data is one of the key success factors of building an informative graduate tracking database.
    Barriers
    BARRIERS in the implementation
    The Act on Higher Education had to be modified in order to allow linking administrative data with the survey data.
    Monitoring and evaluation
    MONITORING and EVALUATION: Is progress measured regularly? What are the indicators used to measure progress of the policy instrument? Have any evaluations been conducted?
    No evaluations or impact assessments conducted.
    Updates
    UPDATES: whether there have been any major updates of the initiative since it has been implemented?
    Yes
    The www.diplomantul.hu portal with online database access was launched in 2020.
    Effectiveness
    EVIDENCE ON EFFECTIVENESS: How effective is the policy instrument?
    No reports available.
    Sustainability
    SUSTAINABILITY: How sustainable is the policy instrument? Do you expect the instrument to continue over the next few years and why?
    The instrument is sustainable, the data collection and provision is expected to continue in the following years with the current methodology.

  • Sector skills councils

    Ágazati Készszégtanácsok

    Description

    Focus area
    Main skills assessment/anticipation initiative
    In 2018, the sector skills councils were  formed to monitor and forecast the labour market and technical technological developments in different sectors in order to inform the education and vocational training provision, and the National Qualification Register. The Hungarian Chamber for Commerce and Industry presides over the work of the councils.
    Link
    Reference/weblink
    https://akt.mkik.hu/index
    Implementation level
    At what level is the initiative implemented?
    National
    Legal base
    Legal base (E.g. Law, regulation, implementing provision, other)
    Act LXXX of 2019 on Vocational Education https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a1900080.tv , Government Decree 12/2020 (II.7.) https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a2000012.kor
    Starting period
    TIMESPAN: In what year did the initiative commence?
    2018
    Perspective
    PERSPECTIVE: is the initiative based on evidence derived from skill forecasts or foresight activities?
    The councils collect data on the skills demand in different sectors, prepare labour market forecasts and inform vocational training supply and training programme content.
    Policy area
    To which POLICY AREAS(s) does the initiative apply?
    Education
    Training
    Employment
    Funding
    How it is funded?
    Funded by national government

    Skill mismatch

    Skill mismatch target
    What type(s) of skills MISMATCH does the initiative aim to addresses?
    Skill shortages (employers cannot fill their vacancies due to a lack of skills in the labour market)
    Skill gaps (worker's skills are below the level of proficiency required by their employers and jobs)
    Skills obsolescence (some or all of an individual's skills are no longer relevant to the current employer or in the labour market generally)
    Skills matching focus
    How does  the initiative address skills mismatches?
    Match young graduates' skills to labour market
    It matches vocational training supply and content to labour market demands.
    Address sectoral or occupational skill shortages
    It matches vocational training supply and content to labour market demands based on information on skills surpluses and shortages.

    Methods

    Methods
    What methods of undertaking skills assessments and / or skills anticipation does the policy instrument utilise?
    Skills forecasting
    The councils prepare labour market skills needs forecasts in their sector.
    Employer surveys
    The councils use various sources of information on labour market needs, including research based on employer surveys.
    Expert panels
    The councils consist of sectoral experts.
    Use of skills intelligence
    How is labour market information / skills intelligence used within the initiative?
    Informing the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)
    The councils make recommendations on the structure of vocational qualifications in their sector.
    Informing decisions on course funding/provision
    The councils make recommendations on the supply, content and funding of vocational training programmes.

    Stakeholders

    Main responsible body
    Main body or organisation with overall responsibility for the initiative.
    Social partner: employer organisation
    The Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry coordinates the work of the sectoral skills councils.
    Other involved organisations
    Which other organisations have a role in the initiative?
    National ministry
    The Ministry of Innovation and Technology delegates some members of each sectoral council.

    Sustainability

    Success factors
    SUCCESS FACTORS in the implementation
    The main success factors are the accurate mapping of labour market needs and development of forecasts using reliable data and a sound methodology.
    Barriers
    BARRIERS in the implementation
    Current and projected labour market needs may be volatile, and tailoring course contents strictly to existing and predicted employer needs might reduce the future employment flexibility of vocational training graduates.
    Monitoring and evaluation
    MONITORING and EVALUATION: Is progress measured regularly? What are the indicators used to measure progress of the policy instrument? Have any evaluations been conducted?
    No evaluations or impact assessments conducted.
    Updates
    UPDATES: whether there have been any major updates of the initiative since it has been implemented?
    No updates.
    No
    Effectiveness
    EVIDENCE ON EFFECTIVENESS: How effective is the policy instrument?
    No data available.
    Sustainability
    SUSTAINABILITY: How sustainable is the policy instrument? Do you expect the instrument to continue over the next few years and why?
    The policy is sustainable if the councils use reliable data sources and appropriate methodology in assessing labour market needs and trends.